1. Ukukhiqizwa kwedayimane elimbozwe nge-carbide
Umgomo wokuxuba i-metal powder ne-diamond, ukufudumeza kuze kufike ezingeni lokushisa elimisiwe kanye nokushisa isikhathi esithile ngaphansi kwe-vacuum. Kuleli zinga lokushisa, ingcindezi yomhwamuko wensimbi yanele ukumboza, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, insimbi inamathela ebusweni bedayimane ukuze yakhe idayimane elimboziwe.
2. Ukukhethwa kwensimbi embozwe ngendwangu
Ukuze idayimane liqine futhi lithembeke, futhi liqonde kangcono ithonya lokwakheka kwe-coating emandleni okuhlanganisa, insimbi ehlanganisayo kumele ikhethwe. Siyazi ukuthi idayimane iyi-alloomorphism ye-C, futhi i-lattice yayo iyi-tetrahedron ejwayelekile, ngakho-ke isimiso sokumboza ukwakheka kwensimbi ukuthi insimbi inobuhlobo obuhle nekhabhoni. Ngale ndlela, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ukusebenzisana kwamakhemikhali kwenzeka endaweni ehlanganayo, kwakha isibopho samakhemikhali esiqinile, bese kwakheka ulwelwesi lwe-Me-C. Ithiyori yokungena nokunamathela ohlelweni lwedayimane nensimbi ikhomba ukuthi ukusebenzisana kwamakhemikhali kwenzeka kuphela lapho ukunamathela kusebenza AW> 0 futhi kufinyelela inani elithile. Izinto zensimbi zeqembu B ezimfushane ezitholakala etafuleni lezinto eziphindaphindayo, njenge-Cu, Sn, Ag, Zn, Ge, njll. zinobuhlobo obubi be-C kanye nomsebenzi wokunamathela ophansi, futhi izibopho ezakhiwe ziyizibopho zama-molecule ezingaqinile futhi akufanele zikhethwe; izinsimbi zokuguquka kuthebula elide lezikhathi, njenge-Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, njll., zinomsebenzi omkhulu wokunamathela nohlelo lwe-C. Amandla okusebenzisana kwezinsimbi ze-C kanye nokuguquka ayanda ngenani lama-electron e-d layer, ngakho-ke i-Ti ne-Cr zifaneleka kakhulu ukumboza izinsimbi.
3. Ukuhlolwa kwesibani
Lapho izinga lokushisa lingu-8500C, idayimane ayikwazi ukufinyelela amandla amahhala ama-athomu e-carbon asebenzayo ebusweni bedayimane kanye nempuphu yensimbi ukuze yakhe i-carbide yensimbi, futhi okungenani u-9000C ukuze kufezwe amandla adingekayo ekwakhekeni kwe-carbide yensimbi. Kodwa-ke, uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, lizobangela ukulahlekelwa ukushisa kwedayimane. Uma sicabangela ithonya lephutha lokulinganisa izinga lokushisa nezinye izici, izinga lokushisa lokuhlola ukumboza libekwe ku-9500C. Njengoba kungabonakala ebuhlotsheni phakathi kwesikhathi sokufaka ukushisa kanye nesivinini sokusabela (ngezansi),? Ngemva kokufinyelela amandla amahhala okukhiqizwa kwe-carbide yensimbi, ukusabela kuqhubeka ngokushesha, futhi ngokukhiqizwa kwe-carbide, izinga lokusabela lizoncipha kancane kancane. Akungabazeki ukuthi ngokwandiswa kwesikhathi sokufaka ukushisa, ubuningi kanye nekhwalithi yesendlalelo kuzothuthukiswa, kodwa ngemva kwemizuzu engama-60, ikhwalithi yesendlalelo ayithinteki kakhulu, ngakho-ke sibeka isikhathi sokufaka ukushisa njengehora eli-1; lapho i-vacuum iphakeme, kungcono, kodwa kunqunyelwe ezimweni zokuhlola, ngokuvamile sisebenzisa u-10-3mmHg.
Isimiso sokuthuthukisa ikhono lokufaka iphakheji
Imiphumela yokuhlola ikhombisa ukuthi umzimba wengane unamandla kunedayimane elimboziwe kunedayimane elingamboziwe. Isizathu samandla okufaka aqinile omzimba wengane kwidayimane elimboziwe ukuthi, mathupha, kukhona amaphutha ebusweni kanye nemifantu emincane ebusweni noma ngaphakathi kwanoma iyiphi idayimane yokwenziwa engamboziwe. Ngenxa yokuba khona kwalezi zimfantu ezincane, amandla edayimane ayancipha, ngakolunye uhlangothi, isici se-C sedayimane asivamile ukusabela nezingxenye zomzimba wengane. Ngakho-ke, umzimba wethayi ledayimane elingamboziwe uyiphakheji yokukhipha ngomshini kuphela, futhi lolu hlobo lokufakwa kwephakheji lubuthakathaka kakhulu. Uma umthwalo usuphelile, imifantu emincane engenhla izoholela ekugxilweni kokucindezeleka, okuholela ekwehleni kwekhono lokufakwa kwephakheji. Icala ledayimane elinomthwalo omningi lihlukile, ngenxa yokufakwa kwefilimu yensimbi, amaphutha e-lattice yedayimane kanye nemifantu emincane kuyagcwaliswa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, amandla edayimane elimboziwe ayanda, ngakolunye uhlangothi, agcwele imifantu emincane, akusekho senzakalo sokugxilisa ukucindezeleka. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukungena kwensimbi eboshiwe emzimbeni wethayi kuguqulwa kube yikhabhoni ebusweni bedayimane. Ukungena kwamakhemikhali. Umphumela uba insimbi eboshiwe ekhoneni lokumanzisa idayimane kusuka ngaphezu kuka-100 o kuya ngaphansi kuka-500, yathuthukisa kakhulu insimbi eboshiwe yokumanzisa idayimane, yenza umzimba wethayi wephakheji yedayimane eboshiwe ebekwe yiphakheji yokuqala yemishini yokukhipha ibe yiphakheji yokubopha, okungukuthi isibopho sedayimane eboshiwe kanye nomzimba wethayi, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukisa kakhulu umzimba wengane.
Ikhono lokufaka iphakheji. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, sikholelwa futhi ukuthi ezinye izinto ezifana nemingcele yokusinta, usayizi wezinhlayiya zedayimane ezimboziwe, ibanga, usayizi wezinhlayiya zomzimba wengane nokunye kunomthelela othile emandleni okufaka iphakheji. Ingcindezi yokusinta efanele ingandisa ubuningi bokucindezela futhi ithuthukise ubulukhuni bomzimba wengane. Izinga lokushisa lokusinta elifanele kanye nesikhathi sokushisa kungakhuthaza ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okushisa okuphezulu kokwakheka komzimba wethayi kanye nensimbi nedayimane emboziwe, ukuze iphakethe lesibopho liqine, ibanga ledayimane lihle, isakhiwo sekristalu sifane, isigaba esifanayo siyancibilika, futhi isethi yephakheji ingcono.
Ingcaphuno evela ku-Liu Xiaohui
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-13-2025
