Ukuguga kokushisa kanye nokususwa kwe-cobalt ye-PDC

I. Ukuguga kokushisa kanye nokususwa kwe-cobalt ye-PDC

Enqubweni yokushiswa kwe-PDC ngengcindezi ephezulu, i-cobalt isebenza njengesikhuthazi sokukhuthaza inhlanganisela eqondile yedayimane nedayimane, futhi yenze ungqimba lwedayimane kanye ne-tungsten carbide matrix kube yinto ephelele, okuholela ekutheni amazinyo okusika e-PDC afanelekele ukubhoboza i-oilfield geological ngokuqina okuphezulu kanye nokumelana okuhle kokuguguleka,

Ukumelana nokushisa kwamadayimane kulinganiselwe kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwengcindezi yomoya, ubuso bedayimane bungaguquka emazingeni okushisa acishe abe ngu-900℃ noma ngaphezulu. Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, ama-PDC endabuko avame ukuwohloka cishe ngo-750℃. Lapho ebhoboza izingqimba zamadwala aqinile futhi ahlabayo, ama-PDC angafinyelela kalula kuleli zinga lokushisa ngenxa yokushisa okungqubuzanayo, futhi izinga lokushisa elisheshayo (okungukuthi, izinga lokushisa lendawo ezingeni elincane kakhulu) lingaba phezulu nakakhulu, lidlule kakhulu izinga lokuncibilika kwe-cobalt (1495°C).

Uma kuqhathaniswa nedayimane elimsulwa, ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-cobalt, idayimane iguqulwa ibe yi-graphite emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuguguleka kwedayimane kubangelwa yi-graphitization ebangelwa ukushisa okungqubuzanayo kwendawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-coefficient yokwanda kokushisa kwe-cobalt iphakeme kakhulu kuneyedayimane, ngakho-ke ngesikhathi sokushisa, ukubopha phakathi kwezinhlayiya zedayimane kungaphazanyiswa ukwanda kwe-cobalt.

Ngo-1983, abacwaningi ababili benza ukwelashwa kokususa idayimane ebusweni bezingqimba zedayimane ze-PDC ezijwayelekile, okwandisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwamazinyo e-PDC. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kusungulwa akuzange kuthole ukunakwa okufanele. Kwaze kwaba ngemva kuka-2000 lapho, ngokuqonda okujulile ngezingqimba zedayimane ze-PDC, abahlinzeki bokubhoboza baqala ukusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe emazinyweni e-PDC asetshenziswa ekubhobozeni amatshe. Amazinyo aphathwe ngale ndlela afaneleka ekwakhekeni okukhuhla kakhulu okunokushisa okukhulu komshini futhi avame ukubizwa ngokuthi amazinyo “akhishwe i-cobalti”.

Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi “i-de-cobalt” kwenziwa ngendlela yendabuko yokwenza i-PDC, bese kuthi ubuso bengqimba yayo yedayimane bucwiliswe ku-asidi enamandla ukuze kususwe isigaba se-cobalt ngenqubo yokuqopha i-asidi. Ukujula kokususwa kwe-cobalt kungafinyelela cishe kuma-microns angu-200.

Ukuhlolwa kokuguguleka okunzima kwenziwe emazinyweni amabili afanayo e-PDC (elinye lawo lalahliwe ukususwa kwe-cobalt ebusweni bengqimba yedayimane). Ngemva kokusika i-granite engamamitha angu-5000, kwatholakala ukuthi izinga lokuguguleka kwe-PDC engasuswanga i-cobalt laqala ukwanda kakhulu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-PDC esuswe i-cobalt yagcina isivinini sokusika esizinzile ngenkathi isika cishe amamitha angu-15000 edwala.

2. Indlela yokuthola i-PDC

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezindlela zokuthola amazinyo e-PDC, okungukuthi ukuhlolwa okubhubhisayo kanye nokuhlolwa okungabhubhisi.

1. Ukuhlolwa okubhubhisayo

Lezi zivivinyo zenzelwe ukulingisa izimo zomgodi ongaphansi komhlaba ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza kokusika amazinyo ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo. Izindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuhlola okubhubhisayo ukuhlolwa kokumelana nokuguguleka kanye nokuhlolwa kokumelana nokushayisana.

(1) Ukuhlolwa kokumelana nokuguguleka

Izinhlobo ezintathu zemishini zisetshenziselwa ukwenza izivivinyo zokumelana nokuguguleka kwe-PDC:

A. I-lathe eqondile (VTL)

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, qala ulungise i-PDC bit ku-VTL lathe bese ubeka isampula yedwala (ngokuvamile i-granite) eduze kwe-PDC bit. Bese uzungeza isampula yedwala uzungeze i-lathe axis ngesivinini esithile. I-PDC bit inquma isampula yedwala enobubanzi obuthile. Uma usebenzisa i-granite ekuhlolweni, lokhu kujula kokusika ngokuvamile kungaphansi kuka-1 mm. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungaba okomile noma okumanzi. "Ekuhlolweni kwe-VTL eyomile," lapho i-PDC bit inqamula edwaleni, akukho ukupholisa okusetshenziswayo; konke ukushisa okubangelwa ukungqubuzana okwenziwa kungena ku-PDC, kusheshiswe inqubo ye-graphitization yedayimane. Le ndlela yokuhlola iveza imiphumela emihle kakhulu lapho kuhlolwa ama-PDC bits ngaphansi kwezimo ezidinga ukucindezela okuphezulu kokubhoboza noma isivinini esikhulu sokujikeleza.

"Ukuhlolwa kwe-VTL okumanzi" kuthola impilo ye-PDC ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphakathi nendawo ngokupholisa amazinyo e-PDC ngamanzi noma ngomoya ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Ngakho-ke, umthombo oyinhloko wokuguguleka kwalokhu kuhlolwa ukugaywa kwesampula yedwala hhayi isici sokushisa.

B, i-lathe evundlile

Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa nange-granite, futhi isimiso sokuhlolwa sifana ne-VTL. Isikhathi sokuhlolwa singemizuzu embalwa nje, futhi ukushaqeka kokushisa phakathi kwamazinyo e-granite ne-PDC kuncane kakhulu.

Amapharamitha okuhlola i-granite asetshenziswa abahlinzeki begiya le-PDC azohluka. Isibonelo, amapharamitha okuhlola asetshenziswa yi-Synthetic Corporation kanye ne-DI Company e-United States awafani ncamashi, kodwa asebenzisa izinto ezifanayo ze-granite ekuhlolweni kwawo, idwala eliyi-polycrystalline eliyi-igneous eliqinile kuya kweliphakathi eline-porosity encane kakhulu kanye namandla okucindezela angu-190MPa.

C. Ithuluzi lokulinganisa isilinganiso se-Abrasion

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezibekiwe, ungqimba lwedayimane lwe-PDC lusetshenziselwa ukusika isondo lokugaya le-silicon carbide, kanti isilinganiso sezinga lokuguguleka kwesondo lokugaya kanye nezinga lokuguguleka le-PDC kuthathwa njengenkomba yokuguguleka ye-PDC, okubizwa ngokuthi isilinganiso sokuguguleka.

(2) Ukuhlolwa kokumelana nomthelela

Indlela yokuhlola umthelela ihilela ukufaka amazinyo e-PDC nge-engeli engama-degree angu-15-25 bese uphonsa into kusuka ekuphakameni okuthile ukuze ushaye ungqimba lwedayimane emazinyweni e-PDC ngokuqondile. Isisindo nokuphakama kwento ewayo kubonisa izinga lamandla omthelela elitholwa yizinyo lokuhlola, elingakhuphuka kancane kancane lifike kuma-joules ayi-100. Izinyo ngalinye lingathinteka izikhathi ezingu-3-7 kuze kube yilapho lingasakwazi ukuhlolwa. Ngokuvamile, okungenani amasampula ayi-10 ohlobo ngalunye lwezinyo ayahlolwa ezingeni ngalinye lamandla. Njengoba kunezinga lokumelana kwamazinyo nomthelela, imiphumela yokuhlola ezingeni ngalinye lamandla iyindawo evamile yokuqhekeka kwedayimane ngemva komthelela wezinyo ngalinye.

2. Ukuhlolwa okungabhubhisi

Indlela yokuhlola engeyona ebhubhisayo esetshenziswa kakhulu (ngaphandle kokuhlola okubonakalayo nokuncane kakhulu) ukuskena nge-ultrasonic (Cscan).

Ubuchwepheshe bokuskena be-C bungathola amaphutha amancane futhi bunqume indawo nosayizi wamaphutha. Uma wenza lokhu kuhlola, qala ubeke izinyo le-PDC ethangini lamanzi, bese uskena nge-probe ye-ultrasonic;

Lesi sihloko siphinde sanyatheliswa kusukela ku-“Inethiwekhi Yokusebenza Ngensimbi Yomhlaba Wonke"