Ukugqoka okushisayo nokususwa kwe-cobalt kwe-PDC

I. Ukukhishwa kwe-thermal nokususwa kwe-cobalt kwe-PDC

Enqubweni yokushisa ephezulu ye-PDC, i-cobalt yenza njenge-catalyst ukukhuthaza inhlanganisela eqondile yedayimane nedayimane, futhi yenze ungqimba lwedayimane kanye ne-tungsten carbide matrix ibe yonke, okuholela ekusikeni kwe-PDC amazinyo afanele ukubhola kwe-oilfield geological enokuqina okuphezulu kanye nokumelana okuhle kakhulu kokugqokwa,

Ukumelana nokushisa kwamadayimane kulinganiselwe. Ngaphansi kwengcindezi yomoya, ingaphezulu ledayimane lingashintsha emazingeni okushisa azungeze u-900℃ noma ngaphezulu. Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, ama-PDC endabuko ajwayele ukuncipha cishe ku-750 ℃. Lapho kubhobozwa izingqimba zamadwala aqinile nalumayo, ama-PDC angafinyelela kalula kulelizinga lokushisa ngenxa yokushisa okungqubuzanayo, futhi izinga lokushisa elisheshayo (okungukuthi, izinga lokushisa lasendaweni ezingeni le-microscopic) lingaba phezulu kakhulu, lidlule kude indawo yokuncibilika kwe-cobalt (1495°C).

Uma kuqhathaniswa nedayimane elimsulwa, ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-cobalt, idayimane liguqulela ku-graphite emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuguga kwedayimane kubangelwe i-graphitization ebangelwa ukushisa okushayisanayo kwasendaweni. Ukwengeza, i-coefficient yokwandisa ukushisa okushisayo kwe-cobalt iphakeme kakhulu kunedayimane, ngakho-ke ngesikhathi sokushisa, ukubopha phakathi kwezinhlamvu zedayimane kungaphazanyiswa ukunwetshwa kwe-cobalt.

Ngo-1983, abacwaningi ababili benza ukwelashwa kokususwa kwedayimane ebusweni bezendlalelo zedayimane ze-PDC ezijwayelekile, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwamazinyo e-PDC. Nokho, le nto esunguliwe ayizange ikuthole ukunakwa okufanele. Kwaze kwaba ngemva kuka-2000 lapho, ngokuqonda okujulile kwezingqimba zedayimane ze-PDC, abahlinzeki bemishini yokumba baqale ukusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe kumazinyo e-PDC asetshenziselwa ukumba amatshe. Amazinyo aphathwa ngale ndlela afaneleka ekwakhekeni okulumayo okunomshini oshisayo obalulekile futhi ajwayele ukubizwa ngokuthi amazinyo “e-de-cobalted”.

Okubizwa ngokuthi "i-de-cobalt" kwenziwa ngendlela yendabuko yokwenza i-PDC, bese ingaphezulu lesendlalelo sayo sedayimane licwiliswe ku-asidi eqinile ukuze kukhishwe isigaba se-cobalt ngenqubo yokufaka i-asidi. Ukujula kokususwa kwe-cobalt kungafinyelela kuma-microns angaba ngu-200.

Ukuhlolwa kokugqokwa kwe-heavy-duty kwenziwa emazinyweni amabili afanayo e-PDC (elinye lawo elalithole ukwelashwa kokukhipha i-cobalt endaweni yongqimba lwedayimane). Ngemva kokusika i-5000m ye-granite, kwatholakala ukuthi izinga lokugqoka le-PDC engasuswanga i-cobalt laqala ukwanda kakhulu. Ngokuphambene, i-PDC ekhishwe nge-cobalt igcine isivinini sokusika esizinzile ngenkathi isika cishe i-15000m yedwala.

2. Indlela yokutholwa ye-PDC

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezindlela zokuthola amazinyo e-PDC, okuwukuhlola okulimazayo nokuhlola okungabhubhisi.

1. Ukuhlola okulimazayo

Lezi zivivinyo kuhloswe ngazo ukulingisa izimo zemigodi ngendlela engokoqobo ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza kokusika amazinyo ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo. Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuhlola okulimazayo ukuhlolwa kokumelana nokugqokwa kanye nokuhlola ukumelana nomthelela.

(1) Ukuhlolwa kokumelana nokugqoka

Izinhlobo ezintathu zemishini isetshenziswa ukwenza izivivinyo zokumelana nokugqokwa kwe-PDC:

A. I-lathe eqondile (VTL)

Ngesikhathi sokuhlola, qala ngokulungisa ibhithi ye-PDC ku-lathe ye-VTL bese ubeka isampula yedwala (ngokuvamile igranite) eduze kwebhithi ye-PDC. Bese uzungezisa isampula yedwala eduze kwe-axis ye-lathe ngesivinini esithile. Ibhithi ye-PDC isika kusampula yedwala ngokujula okuthile. Uma usebenzisa i-granite ukuhlola, lokhu kujula kokusika ngokuvamile kungaphansi kuka-1 mm. Lesi sivivinyo singaba esomile noma sibe manzi. “Ekuhlolweni kwe-VTL okomile,” lapho i-PDC kancane inqamula edwaleni, akukho ukupholisa okufakwayo; konke ukushisa okungqubuzanayo okukhiqizwa kungena ku-PDC, kusheshisa inqubo ye-graphitization yedayimane. Le ndlela yokuhlola ikhiqiza imiphumela emihle kakhulu lapho uhlola izingcezu ze-PDC ngaphansi kwezimo ezidinga ukucindezela okuphezulu kokumba noma isivinini esikhulu sokujikeleza.

“Ukuhlolwa kwe-VTL okumanzi” kuthola impilo ye-PDC ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa ezimaphakathi ngokupholisa amazinyo e-PDC ngamanzi noma ngomoya ngesikhathi sokuhlola. Ngakho-ke, umthombo oyinhloko walokhu kuhlolwa ukugaya isampula yedwala kunesici sokushisa.

B, ilele evundlile

Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa futhi nge-granite, futhi isimiso sokuhlolwa siyafana ne-VTL. Isikhathi sokuhlola siyimizuzu embalwa kuphela, futhi ukushaqeka okushisayo phakathi kwamazinyo egwadle kanye ne-PDC kulinganiselwe kakhulu.

Imingcele yokuhlolwa kwegwadle esetshenziswa abahlinzeki begiya be-PDC izohluka. Isibonelo, amapharamitha wokuhlola asetshenziswa i-Synthetic Corporation kanye ne-DI Company e-United States awafani ncamashi, kodwa asebenzisa into efanayo yegwadle ezivivinyweni zawo, idwala elimahhadlahhaza le-polycrystalline lebanga eliphakathi eline-porosity encane kakhulu namandla acindezelayo angu-190MPa.

C. Ithuluzi lokulinganisa isilinganiso somhuzuko

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezishiwo, ungqimba lwedayimane lwe-PDC lusetshenziselwa ukunquma isondo lokugaya le-silicon carbide, futhi isilinganiso sezinga lokuguga kwesondo lokugaya kanye nezinga lokuguga le-PDC lithathwa njengenkomba yokuguga ye-PDC, ebizwa nge-wear ratio.

(2) Ukuhlolwa kokumelana nomthelela

Indlela yokuhlola umthelela ihlanganisa ukufaka amazinyo e-PDC nge-engeli engu-15-25 degrees bese uwisa into isuka endaweni ethile ukuze ishaye ungqimba lwedayimane emazinyweni e-PDC iqonde phezulu. Isisindo nobude bento ewayo kubonisa izinga lamandla elithinta izinyo lokuhlola, elingakhula kancane kancane lifike kuma-joule angu-100. Izinyo ngalinye lingathinteka izikhathi ezi-3-7 lize lingakwazi ukuphinde lihlolwe. Ngokuvamile, okungenani amasampula ayi-10 ohlobo ngalunye lwezinyo ahlolwa ezingeni ngalinye lamandla. Njengoba kunobubanzi bokungazweli amazinyo ukuba nomthelela, imiphumela yokuhlola ezingeni ngalinye lamandla iyindawo emaphakathi yokuchitheka kwedayimane ngemva komthelela ezinyo ngalinye.

2. Ukuhlola okungabhubhisi

Indlela yokuhlola esetshenziswa kakhulu engacekeli phansi (ngaphandle kokuhlola okubukwayo nokuncane kakhulu) ukuskena nge-ultrasonic (Cscan).

Ubuchwepheshe bokuskena be-C bungathola amaphutha amancane futhi bunqume indawo nosayizi weziphambeko. Uma wenza lokhu kuhlola, qala ubeke izinyo le-PDC ethangini lamanzi, bese uskena nge-ultrasonic probe;

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