Isifinyezo
Imboni yokwakha ibhekene noguquko lwezobuchwepheshe ngokusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusika ezithuthukisiwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle, ukunemba, kanye nokuqina ekucutshungulweni kwezinto. I-Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC), enobunzima bayo obumangalisayo kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka, ivele njengesixazululo esiguqulayo sezinhlelo zokusebenza zokwakha. Leli phepha linikeza ukuhlolwa okuphelele kobuchwepheshe be-PDC ekwakheni, okuhlanganisa izakhiwo zabo zezinto, izinqubo zokukhiqiza, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha ekusikeni ukhonkolo, ukugaya i-asphalt, ukubhola amatshe, kanye nokucubungula imigoqo yokuqinisa. Ucwaningo luphinde luhlaziye izinselele zamanje ekusetshenzisweni kwe-PDC futhi luhlola izitayela zesikhathi esizayo ezingaguqula kakhulu ubuchwepheshe bokwakha.
1. Isingeniso
Imboni yokwakha yomhlaba wonke ibhekene nezidingo ezikhulayo zokuqedwa kwephrojekthi ngokushesha, ukunemba okuphezulu, kanye nomthelela oncishisiwe emvelweni. Amathuluzi okusika endabuko avame ukwehluleka ukuhlangabezana nalezi zidingo, ikakhulukazi lapho kucutshungulwa izinto zokwakha zesimanje ezinamandla aphezulu. Ubuchwepheshe be-Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) buvele njengesixazululo esishintsha umdlalo, bunikeza ukusebenza okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili ezinhlelweni ezahlukene zokwakha.
Amathuluzi e-PDC ahlanganisa ungqimba lwedayimane elenziwe nge-polycrystalline ne-tungsten carbide substrate, edala izinto zokusika ezidlula izinto ezivamile ngokuqina nokusebenza kahle kokusika. Leli phepha lihlola izici eziyisisekelo ze-PDC, ubuchwepheshe bayo bokukhiqiza, kanye nendima yayo ekhulayo emikhubeni yokwakha yanamuhla. Ukuhlaziywa kuhlanganisa kokubili izinhlelo zokusebenza zamanje kanye namathuba esikhathi esizayo, okunikeza ukuqonda ngendlela ubuchwepheshe be-PDC obushintsha ngayo izindlela zokwakha.
2. Izakhiwo Zezinto Nokukhiqizwa Kwe-PDC Yezicelo Zokwakha
2.1 Izici Zezinto Ezihlukile
Ubulukhuni obungavamile (10,000 HV) buvumela ukucutshungulwa kwezinto zokwakha ezihudulayo
Ukumelana nokugqokwa okuphezulu kunikeza impilo yesevisi ende ngokuphindwe ka-10-50 kune-tungsten carbide
Ukushisa okuphezulu** (500-2000 W/mK) kuvimbela ukushisa ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuqhubekayo
Ukumelana nokushayisana okuvela ku-tungsten carbide substrate kumelana nezimo zendawo yokwakha
2.2 Ukuthuthukiswa Kwenqubo Yokukhiqiza Yamathuluzi Okwakha**
Ukukhethwa kwezinhlayiya zedayimane: Itshe ledayimane elilinganiswe kahle (2-50μm) ukuze lisebenze kahle kakhulu
Ukushisa okuphezulu: Ingcindezi ye-5-7 GPa ku-1400-1600°C idala izibopho eziqinile zedayimane nedayimane
Ubunjiniyela be-substrate: Ukwakheka kwe-tungsten carbide ngokwezifiso zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile zokwakha
Ukubumba ngokunemba: Umshini wokugaya nge-laser kanye ne-EDM wejometri yamathuluzi ayinkimbinkimbi
2.3 Amabanga Akhethekile E-PDC Okwakha
Amabanga okumelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu kokucubungula ukhonkolo
Amabanga anomthelela omkhulu wokusika ukhonkolo oqinisiwe
Amabanga azinzile ngokwezinga lokushisa okugaya i-asphalt
Amamaki aqoshwe kahle ezinhlelo zokusebenza zokwakha ngokunemba
3. Izicelo Eziyinhloko Ekwakhiweni Kwesimanje
3.1 Ukusikwa Nokubhidlizwa Kwekhonkrithi
Ukusaha ukhonkolo ngesivinini esikhulu: Ama-PDC blades abonisa impilo ende ngokuphindwe ka-3-5 kune-blades evamile
Izinhlelo zokusika ucingo: Izintambo ezifakwe idayimane zokubhidliza ukhonkolo omkhulu
Ukugaya ukhonkolo ngokunemba: Ukufeza ukunemba kwe-sub-millimeter ekulungiseleleni ubuso
Ucwaningo lwecala: Amathuluzi e-PDC ekubhidlizweni kweBay Bridge endala, eCalifornia
3.2 Ukugaya I-Asphalt Nokuvuselelwa Kwemigwaqo
Imishini yokugaya ebandayo: Amazinyo e-PDC agcina ubukhali phakathi nokushintshana konke
Ukulawula ibanga elinembile: Ukusebenza okuhlala njalo ezimweni ze-asphalt eziguquguqukayo
Izicelo zokusebenzisa kabusha: Ukusika okuhlanzekile kwe-RAP (Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement)
Idatha yokusebenza: Ukwehla okungu-30% esikhathini sokugaya uma kuqhathaniswa namathuluzi avamile
3.3 Ukumba Isisekelo Nokufaka Inqwaba
Ukubhoboza okunobubanzi obukhulu: Izingcezu ze-PDC zezinqwaba ezibhobozekile ezingafika kumamitha amathathu ububanzi
Ukungena edwaleni eliqinile: Kusebenza kahle egranite, basalt, nakwezinye izakhiwo eziyinselele
Amathuluzi okusika ngaphansi: Ukwakheka kwensimbi okunembile kwezisekelo zezinqwaba
Izicelo zase-Offshore: Amathuluzi e-PDC ekufakweni kwesisekelo se-turbine yomoya
3.4 Ukucubungula Ibha Yokuqinisa
Ukusika i-rebar ngesivinini esikhulu: Hlanza ukusika ngaphandle kokuguqulwa
Ukugoqa intambo: I-PDC iyafa ngenxa yokugoqa intambo ngokunemba
Ukucubungula okuzenzakalelayo: Ukuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo zokusika zamarobhothi
Izinzuzo zokuphepha: Ukwehla kokukhiqizwa kwenhlansi ezindaweni eziyingozi
3.5 Ukwakhiwa Kwemihubhe Ebhobozayo Nokubhidliza Ngaphansi Komhlaba
Amakhanda okusika e-TBM: Okusika be-PDC ezimweni zamatshe ezithambile neziqinile
Ukuhambisa izinto ezincane: Kuyacasula ngokunemba kokufakwa kwezinsiza
Ukuthuthukiswa komhlabathi: Amathuluzi e-PDC okuhlanganisa i-jet grouting kanye nokuxuba inhlabathi
Ucwaningo lwesibonelo: Ukusebenza kokusika kwe-PDC kuphrojekthi ye-Crossrail yaseLondon
4. Izinzuzo Zokusebenza Ngaphezu Kwamathuluzi Avamile
4.1 Izinzuzo Zezomnotho
Isandiso sempilo yamathuluzi: Impilo yesevisi ende izikhathi ezi-5-10 kuneyamathuluzi e-carbide
Isikhathi sokuphumula esincishisiwe: Izinguquko ezimbalwa zamathuluzi zandisa ukusebenza kahle
Ukonga amandla: Amandla okusika aphansi anciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngo-15-25%
4.2 Ukuthuthukiswa Kwekhwalithi
Ukuqeda okuphezulu kobuso: Isidingo esinciphile sokucubungula kwesibili
Ukusika ngokunemba: Ukubekezelelana ngaphakathi kuka-±0.5mm ekusetshenzisweni kokhonkolo
Ukonga izinto zokwakha: Ukulahlekelwa okuncane kwe-kerf ezintweni zokwakha ezibalulekile
4.3 Umthelela Wezemvelo
Ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwemfucuza: Ukuphila isikhathi eside kwamathuluzi kusho ukuthi bambalwa abasiki abasebenzisa imishini yokusika
Amazinga omsindo aphansi: Isenzo sokusika esibushelelezi sinciphisa ukungcoliswa komsindo
Ukususwa kothuli: Ukusika okuhlanzekile kukhiqiza izinhlayiya ezincane emoyeni
5. Izinselele Nemikhawulo Yamanje
5.1 Izithiyo Zobuchwepheshe
Ukuwohloka kokushisa ekusetshenzisweni kokusika okomile okuqhubekayo
Ukuzwela komthelela kukhonkrithi eqiniswe kakhulu
Imikhawulo yosayizi yamathuluzi amakhulu kakhulu ububanzi
5.2 Izici Zezomnotho
Izindleko zokuqala eziphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa namathuluzi avamile
Izidingo zokunakekelwa okukhethekile
Izinketho zokulungisa ezilinganiselwe zezinto ze-PDC ezonakele
5.3 Izithiyo Zokwamukelwa Kwemboni
Ukumelana noshintsho oluvela ezindleleni zendabuko
Izidingo zokuqeqeshwa zokuphathwa kwamathuluzi ngendlela efanele
Izinselele zochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwamathuluzi akhethekile e-PDC
6. Izitayela Zesikhathi Esizayo Nokusungula Izinto Ezintsha
6.1 Intuthuko Yesayensi Yezinto Ezibonakalayo
I-PDC eyakhiwe ngendlela engafani ukuze kube nokuqina okuthuthukisiwe
I-PDC ehlelwe kahle enezakhiwo ezilungiselelwe kahle
Izakhiwo ze-PDC ezizilolayo
6.2 Izinhlelo Zokusebenzisa Amathuluzi Ahlakaniphile
Izinzwa ezifakiwe zokuqapha ukuguguleka
Izinhlelo zokusika eziguquguqukayo ezinokulungiswa kwesikhathi sangempela
Ukuphathwa kwamathuluzi asebenzisa i-AI ukuze kushintshwe izibikezelo
6.3 Ukukhiqiza Okusimeme
Izinqubo zokusebenzisa kabusha amathuluzi e-PDC asetshenzisiwe
Izindlela zokukhiqiza amandla aphansi
Ama-catalyst asekelwe ku-bio okwenziwa kwedayimane
6.4 Imingcele Yesicelo Esisha
Amathuluzi okusekela okunyathelisa ukhonkolo we-3D
Izinhlelo zokubhidliza zamarobhothi ezizenzakalelayo
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zokwakha isikhala
7. Isiphetho
Ubuchwepheshe be-PDC buye baziveza njengomthombo obalulekile wokusebenza kwamasu okwakha esimanje, bunikeza ukusebenza okungenakuqhathaniswa ekucubungulweni kokhonkolo, ekugayweni kwe-asphalt, emsebenzini wesisekelo, nakwezinye izinhlelo ezibalulekile. Ngenkathi izinselelo zisalokhu zisezindleleni ezibizayo nezicelo ezikhethekile, intuthuko eqhubekayo kwezesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nezinhlelo zamathuluzi ithembisa ukwandisa indima ye-PDC ekwakheni. Imboni imi emngceleni wenkathi entsha kwezobuchwepheshe bokwakha, lapho amathuluzi e-PDC ezodlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo zezindlela zokwakha ezisheshayo, ezihlanzekile, nezinembile.
Iziqondiso zocwaningo zesikhathi esizayo kufanele zigxile ekunciphiseni izindleko zokukhiqiza, ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nomthelela, kanye nokuthuthukisa amafomula akhethekile e-PDC ezinto zokwakha ezisafufusa. Njengoba lokhu kuthuthuka kwenzeka, ubuchwepheshe be-PDC bulungele ukuba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ekwakheni indawo eyakhiwe yekhulu lama-21.
Izinkomba
1. Ukucubungula Izinto Zokwakha Ngamathuluzi Edayimane Athuthukisiwe (2023)
2. Ubuchwepheshe be-PDC Emikhubeni Yesimanje Yokubhidliza (Ijenali Yobunjiniyela Bokwakha)
3. Ukuhlaziywa Kwezomnotho Kokusetshenziswa Kwamathuluzi e-PDC Kumaphrojekthi Amakhulu (2024)
4. Ukuqamba Amathuluzi Edayimane Okwakha Okusimeme (Izinto Ezisetshenziswa Namuhla)
5. Izifundo Zezimo Eziphathelene Nesicelo Se-PDC Semiklamo Yengqalasizinda (ICON Press)
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-07-2025
