Abstract
I-Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC), evame ukubizwa ngokuthi yinhlanganisela yedayimane, isiguqule imboni yemishini enembayo ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okungavamile, ukumelana nokugqokwa, nokuzinza kwe-thermal. Leli phepha lihlinzeka ngokuhlaziywa okujulile kwezinto ezibonakalayo ze-PDC, izinqubo zokukhiqiza, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithuthukisiwe kumshini wokunemba. Ingxoxo ihlanganisa indima yayo ekusikeni ngesivinini esiphezulu, ekugayeni okunembe kakhulu, ukucutshungulwa okuncane, kanye nokwakhiwa kwezingxenye ze-aerospace. Ukwengeza, izinselele ezifana nezindleko eziphezulu zokukhiqiza kanye nokuqina kuyaxazululwa, kanye nezitayela zesikhathi esizayo kubuchwepheshe be-PDC.
1. Isingeniso
Ukunemba kwemishini kudinga izinto ezinobulukhuni obuphakeme, ukuqina, nokuzinza okushisayo ukuze kuzuzwe ukunemba kwezinga le-micron. Izinto zamathuluzi endabuko ezifana ne-tungsten carbide nensimbi yesivinini esikhulu kuvame ukuwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu, okuholela ekwamukelweni kwezinto ezithuthukisiwe njenge-Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC). I-PDC, into yokwenziwa esekwe ngedayimane, ibonisa ukusebenza okungenakuqhathaniswa ekwenzeni izinto eziqinile neziphukayo, okuhlanganisa izitsha zobumba, izinhlanganisela, nezinsimbi eziqinile.
Leli phepha lihlola izakhiwo eziyisisekelo ze-PDC, amasu ayo okukhiqiza, kanye nomthelela wayo oguquguqukayo ekwenziweni kwemishini enembile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihlola izinselelo zamanje kanye nentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo kubuchwepheshe be-PDC.
2. Izinto ezibonakalayo ze-PDC
I-PDC iqukethe ungqimba lwedayimane le-polycrystalline (PCD) elihlanganiswe ne-tungsten carbide substrate ngaphansi kwezimo zokucindezela okuphezulu, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu (HPHT). Izici ezibalulekile zifaka:
2.1 Ukuqina Okudlulele Nokumelana Nokugqoka
Idayimane liyinto enzima kunazo zonke eyaziwayo (ukuqina kwe-Mohs kwe-10), okwenza i-PDC ifaneleke ekwenzeni izinto eziabrasive.
Ukumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu kwelula impilo yamathuluzi, kunciphisa isikhathi sokwenza imishini enembile.
2.2 High Thermal Conductivity
Ukukhipha ukushisa okusebenzayo kuvimbela ukuwohloka kokushisa ngesikhathi somshini onesivinini esikhulu.
Yehlisa ukuguga kwamathuluzi futhi ithuthukise ukuqedwa kwendawo.
2.3 Ukuzinza Kwamakhemikhali
Imelana nokusabela kwamakhemikhali ngezinto eziyinsimbi nezingezona ayoni.
Yehlisa ukucekelwa phansi kwamathuluzi ezindaweni ezigqwalile.
2.4 Ukuqina Kokuphuka
I-tungsten carbide substrate ithuthukisa ukumelana nomthelela, inciphisa ukuqhekeka nokuphuka.
3. Inqubo Yokukhiqiza ye-PDC
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-PDC kuhilela izinyathelo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile:
3.1 I-Diamond Powder Synthesis
Izinhlayiya zedayimane zokwenziwa zikhiqizwa nge-HPHT noma nge-chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
3.2 Inqubo Ye-Sintering
Impushana yedayimane ifakwe ku-tungsten carbide substrate ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu (5-7 GPa) kanye nezinga lokushisa (1,400-1,600°C).
I-metallic catalyst (isb, i-cobalt) isiza ukuhlangana kwedayimane nedayimane.
3.3 Ngemuva kokucubungula
I-Laser noma i-electrical discharge machining (EDM) isetshenziselwa ukubumba i-PDC ibe amathuluzi okusika.
Ukwelashwa kwendawo kuthuthukisa ukunamathela futhi kunciphise izingcindezi ezisele.
4. Izicelo ku-Precision Machining
4.1 Ukusika Okusheshayo Kwezinto Ezingezona Insimbi
Amathuluzi e-PDC ahamba phambili ekwenzeni i-aluminium, ithusi, nenhlanganisela ye-carbon fiber.
Izicelo ku-automotive (piston machining) kanye ne-electronics (PCB milling).
4.2 Ukugaya Ngokunembe Kakhulu Kwezingxenye Zokubona
Isetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwamalensi nesibuko kumalaser namabonakude.
Ifinyelela ubulukhuni be-sub-micron surface (Ra <0.01 µm).
4.3 IMicro-Machining Yamadivayisi Ezokwelapha
Ama-micro-drill e-PDC kanye nezigayo zokugcina akhiqiza izici eziyinkimbinkimbi kumathuluzi okuhlinza kanye nezimila.
4.4 Aerospace Component Machining
Ukwenza ama-alloys e-titanium kanye ne-CFRP (ama-polymers aqiniswe nge-carbon fibre) anokugqoka okuncane kwamathuluzi.
4.5 Imishini Yobumba Ethuthukisiwe kanye Nomshini Wensimbi Eqinile
I-PDC idlula i-cubic boron nitride (CBN) ekwenzeni i-silicon carbide ne-tungsten carbide.
5. Izinselele kanye Nemikhawulo
5.1 Izindleko Zokukhiqiza Eziphezulu
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-HPHT kanye nezindleko zezinto zedayimane zikhawulela ukutholwa okusabalele.
5.2 Ukonakala Ekusikeni Okuphazamisekile
Amathuluzi e-PDC athambekele ekuchopheni lapho kwenziwa imishini engaqhubeki.
5.3 Ukuwohloka Kokushisa Emazingeni Okushisa Aphakeme
I-Graphitization yenzeka ngaphezu kuka-700°C, ikhawulela ukusetshenziswa emishinini eyomile yezinto ezisansimbi.
5.4 Ukuhambisana Okulinganiselwe Nezinsimbi Ezisansimbi
Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali nge-iron kuholela ekugugeni okusheshayo.
6. Amathrendi Azayo Nezinto Ezintsha
6.1 I-PDC Eyakhiwe Nano
Ukufakwa kwezinhlamvu ze-nano-diamond kuthuthukisa ukuqina nokumelana nokugqoka.
6.2 Amathuluzi e-PDC-CBN eHybrid
Ukuhlanganisa i-PDC ne-cubic boron nitride (CBN) yokwenza machining metal ayoni.
6.3 Ukukhiqiza Okungeziwe Kwamathuluzi e-PDC
Ukuphrinta kwe-3D kunika amandla amajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi ukuze enze ngokwezifiso izixazululo zemishini.
6.4 Izembatho Ezithuthukile
Izembozo ezifana nekhabhoni yedayimane (i-DLC) zithuthukisa impilo yamathuluzi.
7. Isiphetho
I-PDC isiyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni imishini enembile, ehlinzeka ngokusebenza okungenakuqhathaniswa ekusikeni ngesivinini esikhulu, ukugaya okunembe kakhulu, kanye ne-micro-machining. Naphezu kwezinselele ezifana nezindleko eziphakeme kanye nokuqina, intuthuko eqhubekayo kusayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo kanye namasu okukhiqiza ithembisa ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngokuqhubekayo. Ukuqamba okusha, okuhlanganisa i-nano-structured PDC kanye nemiklamo yamathuluzi ayingxubevange, kuzoqinisa indima yayo kubuchwepheshe bemishini besizukulwane esilandelayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-07-2025
