Isifinyezo
I-Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC), evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-diamond composite, ishintshe imboni yokukhiqiza ngokunemba ngenxa yobulukhuni bayo obungavamile, ukumelana nokuguguleka, kanye nokuqina kokushisa. Leli phepha linikeza ukuhlaziywa okujulile kwezakhiwo zezinto ze-PDC, izinqubo zokukhiqiza, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithuthukisiwe zokukhiqiza ngokunemba. Ingxoxo ihlanganisa indima yayo ekusikeni ngesivinini esikhulu, ukugaya ngokunemba okukhulu, ukwenza imishini emincane, kanye nokukhiqiza izingxenye zezindiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinselele ezifana nezindleko zokukhiqiza eziphakeme kanye nokuqhekeka ziyaxazululwa, kanye nezitayela zesikhathi esizayo kubuchwepheshe be-PDC.
1. Isingeniso
Umshini wokulungisa izinto ngendlela enembile udinga izinto ezinobulukhuni obuphezulu, ukuqina, kanye nokuzinza kokushisa ukuze kufezwe ukunemba kwezinga le-micron. Izinto zamathuluzi zendabuko ezifana ne-tungsten carbide kanye nensimbi yesivinini esikhulu zivame ukwehluleka ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, okuholela ekwamukelweni kwezinto ezithuthukisiwe ezifana ne-Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC). I-PDC, into eyenziwe ngedayimane, ibonisa ukusebenza okungenakuqhathaniswa ekukhiqizeni izinto eziqinile nezibuthakathaka, okuhlanganisa izinto zobumba, izinto ezihlanganisiwe, kanye nezinsimbi eziqinile.
Leli phepha lihlola izakhiwo eziyisisekelo ze-PDC, amasu ayo okukhiqiza, kanye nomthelela wayo wokuguqula imishini ngokunemba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lihlola izinselele zamanje kanye nentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo kubuchwepheshe be-PDC.
2. Izakhiwo Zezinto ze-PDC
I-PDC yakhiwe ungqimba lwedayimane ye-polycrystalline (PCD) eboshwe kwi-tungsten carbide substrate ngaphansi kwezimo zokucindezela okuphezulu, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu (HPHT). Izakhiwo ezibalulekile zifaka:
2.1 Ukuqina Okukhulu Nokumelana Nokuguguleka
Idayimane yinto eqinile kakhulu eyaziwayo (ubulukhuni be-Mohs obuyi-10), okwenza i-PDC ibe yindawo ekahle kakhulu yokulungisa izinto ezirhabaxa.
Ukumelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu kwandisa impilo yamathuluzi, kunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi kahle komshini wokulungisa ngokunemba.
2.2 Ukushisa Okuphezulu Komoya
Ukushabalaliswa kokushisa okuphumelelayo kuvimbela ukuguquguquka kokushisa ngesikhathi somshini wesivinini esikhulu.
Kunciphisa ukuguguleka kwamathuluzi futhi kuthuthukisa ukuqeda kwendawo.
2.3 Ukuzinza Kwamakhemikhali
Ayimelani nokusabela kwamakhemikhali ngezinto zensimbi nezingezona ezensimbi.
Kunciphisa ukuwohloka kwamathuluzi ezindaweni ezigqwalisayo.
2.4 Ukuqina Kokuphuka
I-substrate ye-tungsten carbide ithuthukisa ukumelana nokushayisana, inciphisa ukuqhekeka nokuphuka.
3. Inqubo Yokukhiqiza ye-PDC
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-PDC kuhilela izinyathelo eziningana ezibalulekile:
3.1 Ukwenziwa Kwempuphu Yedayimane
Izinhlayiya zedayimane ezenziwe ngokwenziwa zikhiqizwa nge-HPHT noma i-chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
3.2 Inqubo Yokuhlanza
Impuphu yedayimane ifakwa kwi-substrate ye-tungsten carbide ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu (5–7 GPa) kanye nokushisa (1,400–1,600°C).
Isikhuthazi sensimbi (isb., i-cobalt) senza kube lula ukubopha idayimane nedayimane.
3.3 Ngemva Kokucubungula
Imishini yokukhipha ugesi nge-laser noma kagesi (EDM) isetshenziselwa ukwenza i-PDC ibe amathuluzi okusika.
Ukwelashwa okungaphezulu kuthuthukisa ukunamathela futhi kunciphisa ukucindezeleka okusele.
4. Izicelo Zokusebenza Ngobuchwepheshe Bokuchwephesha
4.1 Ukusikwa Okusheshayo Kwezinto Ezingenalo I-Ferrous
Amathuluzi e-PDC avelele kakhulu ekuhlanganiseni i-aluminium, ithusi, kanye ne-carbon fiber composites.
Izicelo zezimoto (umshini wokugaya i-piston) kanye ne-elekthronikhi (ukugaya i-PCB).
4.2 Ukugaya Okunembe Kakhulu Kwezingxenye Zokukhanya
Kusetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwelensi nesibuko kuma-laser nama-telescope.
Ifinyelela ubulukhuni bomphezulu obungaphansi kwe-micron (Ra < 0.01 µm).
4.3 Umshini Omncane Wamadivayisi Ezokwelapha
Ama-PDC micro-drill kanye nama-end mill akhiqiza izici eziyinkimbinkimbi kumathuluzi okuhlinza kanye nokufakelwa.
4.4 Umshini Wezingxenye Zezindiza
Umshini wokugaya ama-alloy e-titanium kanye ne-CFRP (ama-polymer aqiniswe nge-carbon fiber) ngaphandle kokuguga kwamathuluzi.
4.5 I-Ceramics Ethuthukisiwe kanye Nemishini Yensimbi Eqinisiwe
I-PDC idlula i-cubic boron nitride (CBN) ekusetshenzisweni kwe-silicon carbide kanye ne-tungsten carbide.
5. Izinselele kanye nemikhawulo
5.1 Izindleko Zokukhiqiza Eziphezulu
Izindleko zokwenziwa kwe-HPHT kanye nezinto zedayimane zinciphisa ukwamukelwa kabanzi.
5.2 Ukungaqini Kokusika Okuphazamisekile
Amathuluzi e-PDC athambekele ekuqhekekeni lapho elungisa izindawo ezingaqhubeki.
5.3 Ukuwohloka Kokushisa Emazingeni Okushisa Aphezulu
Ukuguqulwa kwe-graphitization kwenzeka ngaphezu kuka-700°C, okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemishini eyomile yezinto zensimbi.
5.4 Ukuhambisana Okulinganiselwe Nezinsimbi Zensimbi
Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali ngensimbi kuholela ekugugeni okusheshayo.
6. Izitayela Zesikhathi Esizayo Nokusungula Izinto Ezintsha
6.1 I-PDC Ehlelwe Kancane
Ukufakwa kwezinhlamvu ze-nano-diamond kuthuthukisa ukuqina kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka.
6.2 Amathuluzi e-Hybrid PDC-CBN
Ukuhlanganisa i-PDC ne-cubic boron nitride (CBN) ukuze kusetshenziswe insimbi yensimbi.
6.3 Ukwenziwa Kwezinto Ezingeziwe Zamathuluzi E-PDC
Ukuphrinta kwe-3D kuvumela amajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi ezixazululo zomshini ezenziwe ngokwezifiso.
6.4 Ukugqoka Okuthuthukisiwe
Izembozo ezifana ne-carbon (DLC) ezifana nedayimane zithuthukisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuphila kwamathuluzi.
7. Isiphetho
I-PDC isibe yinto ebalulekile ekusetshenzisweni komshini wokusika ngokunemba, inikeza ukusebenza okungenakuqhathaniswa ekusikeni ngesivinini esikhulu, ekugayeni ngokunemba okukhulu, kanye nasemishinini emincane. Naphezu kwezinselele ezifana nezindleko eziphakeme kanye nokuqhekeka, intuthuko eqhubekayo kwesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo kanye namasu okukhiqiza ithembisa ukwandisa izinhlelo zayo zokusebenza. Ukusungula izinto ezintsha esikhathini esizayo, okuhlanganisa i-PDC eyakhiwe ngendlela encane kanye nokuklama amathuluzi ahlanganisiwe, kuzoqinisa indima yayo kubuchwepheshe bokusebenza komshini wesizukulwane esilandelayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-07-2025
